Ga mutanen zamani a yawancin sassan duniya, wutar lantarki wajibi ne. Abu ne mai mahimmanci wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga ta'aziyyarmu. Ayyukan mu, na'urori, kuma yawancin ayyukan yau da kullun sun dogara kai tsaye ga ikonmu na samun wutar lantarki.
Amma daga ina wutar lantarki ke fitowa?
Abin mamaki, da yawa daga cikinmu suna jin damuwa lokacin da muka fuskanci wannan tambayar. Mun saba da jin daɗin wutar lantarki har muka daina kula da inda ya fito kuma muna ganin shi azaman ra'ayi ne.. A cikin mafi sauki sharuddan, abin da ke samar da wutar lantarki sune lantarki da ke motsawa a cikin madugu. Wutar lantarki na tafiya a cikin gajeren zango, wanda muke kunnawa ta hanyar jujjuya maɓalli. Yana isa ga masu amfani da ƙarshen ta hanyar layukan wuta.
A cikin hanyar sadarwar layin wuta, Ana watsa wutar lantarki a matsanancin ƙarfin lantarki, wanda ke taimakawa rage asarar wutar lantarki. A game da 14,000 volts, ya fara gudana akan sandunan da ke cikin al'ummarmu. An canza shi a cikin taswirar gida zuwa amintaccen kewayon 100 zuwa 250 volts kafin isa gidanmu.
Abubuwan gama gari na makamashin lantarki
Tushen wutar lantarki ya bambanta sosai. Kwal da sauran albarkatun mai sune manyan hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki a duniya. Sauran hanyoyin sun hada da makaman nukiliya, biomass, da makamashin da ake sabuntawa kamar hasken rana, ruwa, iska, da kuma hydrothermal.
Dangane da tushen wutar lantarki, ana amfani da fasahohin samarwa daban-daban. Yawancin wutar lantarki a duniya ana samar da su ne tare da taimakon injin tururi. Wannan na'urar tana canza tururi mai tsananin ƙarfi daga tukunyar jirgi zuwa makamashi ta hanyar jujjuya ruwan wukake da kunna janareta..
Sauran fasahar sabunta makamashin da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da masu amfani da hasken rana, iska, iskar gas, da kuma turbines na ruwa. Kowane tushen wutar lantarki yana da fa'ida da rashin amfani na musamman.
Kuna son ƙarin koyo game da tushen wutar lantarki? Bari mu yi zurfin bincike
man fetur
Kamar yadda na 2020, kusan 63% na wutar lantarki na duniya yana fitowa ne daga albarkatun mai, ciki har da kwal, gas, da sauran hanyoyin kamar mai. Duk da babban tasirinsa na muhalli, Burbushin mai ya kasance tushen tushen wutar lantarki saboda ingantattun ababen more rayuwa don samar da su da kuma ƙarancin farashi.. Kamfanonin mai sun fi sauran fasahohin samar da wutar lantarki abin dogaro kuma suna iya yiwa al'umma hidima na dogon lokaci.
Duk da haka, Bukatar albarkatun mai a matsayin tushen wutar lantarki a kullum yana raguwa saboda zuwan sabbin hanyoyin makamashi da damuwa game da sauyin yanayi da gurɓataccen iska.. Babban rashin lahani na burbushin mai shi ne cewa suna samar da carbon dioxide fiye da madadin hanyoyin makamashi.
Daga dukkan burbushin mai, iskar gas shine mafi yawan tushen wutar lantarki (40%), bayan kwal (23%). Dukansu iskar gas da gawayi suna ƙonewa a cikin tukunyar jirgi azaman foda mai kyau, kunna turbines.
makamashin nukiliya
Makaman nukiliya yana taimakawa wajen samarwa 15 kashi dari na wutar lantarki a duniya, amma ya fi kowa yawa a Amurka, a 20 kashi dari. Kamar shuke-shuken mai, Tashoshin makamashin nukiliya abin dogaro ne sosai kuma suna aiki na dogon lokaci. Duk wani hatsarin da ya shafi makamashin nukiliya na lokaci-lokaci, kuma tare da gudanarwa mai kyau, damar faruwar hakan ta ragu zuwa sifili.
A matsayin kari, makamashin atomic yana da aminci ga muhalli saboda babu iskar gas da ke fitarwa lokacin samar da wutar lantarki, kuma kadan ne kawai ake haifar da sharar gida a cikin aikin.
Ana samar da makamashin tashar makamashin nukiliya ta hanyar fission na nukiliya, wanda shine tsarin raba kwayoyin halitta. Neutrons suna yin karo da atom ɗin uranium don haifar da zafi, wanda sai a hada shi da ruwa a cikin injin injin tururi.
