Kayan da aka rufe na waya da na USB wani muhimmin tsari ne don tabbatar da aikin da ya dace na mai gudanarwa. Rayuwar aiki na kayan haɓakawa shine muhimmiyar alamar rayuwar kebul. Kullum, menene kayan rufi da muke amfani da su don waya da kebul?
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
1) Babban abũbuwan amfãni: low farashin, sauki tsari, ingancin haske, aikin lantarki mai kyau, juriya juriya, barga sinadaran Properties, juriya danshi, da kuma konewa mara jinkiri. Saboda haka, ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin layin rarraba ƙarancin wutar lantarki, musamman a cikin da'irar tasha, a matsayin asali rufi da sheathing abu.
(2) Matsakaicin ci gaba da aiki da zafin jiki θn na kebul na kebul na PVC shine 70 ° C, yayin da zafin jiki na ƙarshe (zafin jiki na ɗan gajeren lokaci) θm shine 160 ° C (140°C don yankin giciye na 300m㎡ da sama). Bugu da kari, akwai kayan PVC da aka ƙara masu juriya mai zafi, wanda θn zai iya kaiwa 90 ℃, amma θm ya kasance baya canzawa.
(3) Babban rashin amfani: Bai dace da yanayin ƙananan zafin jiki ba, ya zama mai tauri da karye a ƙananan zafin jiki, kuma ba za a iya amfani da shi a cikin yanayin da ke ƙasa -15 ℃, kuma bai dace da ginawa a cikin yanayin da ke ƙasa -5 ℃. PVC tana fitar da iskar gas mai guba lokacin da ta ƙone, don haka kewayon aikace-aikacen yana da iyakancewa sosai. Ba a daidaita shi da kyau ga yanayin tsufa na yanayi, kuma a ƙarƙashin hasken rana mai ƙarfi ko yanayin zafi mai zafi, mai filastik yana da sauƙin canzawa don haɓaka tsufa na rufi.
(4) Don shawo kan gazawar PVC, yawanci ya zama dole don ƙara nau'ikan polymers don haɓaka aikin sa, kamar ƙari na filastik don ƙara laushi. An saka robobi zuwa antimony trioxide da chlorinated paraffin don ƙara abubuwan da ke hana wuta.. Ana kara molybdenum chloride don rage yawan samar da hayaki. Daban-daban ƙari formulations, da hanyoyin aiwatar da gyare-gyare daban-daban, amma kuma yana iya samar da samfuran asali iri-iri. Kamar ƙarin sassauci, ƙara tsauri, inganta sa juriya, kuma zai iya ƙara yawan zafin aiki har zuwa 90 ℃ na samfura iri-iri.
Polyethylene mai haɗe-haɗe (XLE)
(1) Polyethylene mai haɗin giciye tsari ne hanyar da aka sanya polyethylene (PE) Abubuwan da ke da tsarin kwayoyin halitta masu linzami suna haɗe zuwa cikin tsari mai tsinkewa mai girma uku ta hanyar abubuwan haɗin giciye da bama-bamai ko fitilar lantarki.. A halin yanzu, akwai nau'ikan haɗin kai guda biyu, sinadarai masu haɗe-haɗe da haɗin kai da iska mai iska. Haɗin giciye na hasken wuta na iya kula da kyawawan kaddarorin lantarki da kaddarorin kashe wuta da ingantaccen inganci, wanda shine mafi kyawun hanyar haɗin kai a halin yanzu.
(2) Babban abũbuwan amfãni: su ne mai kyau rufi yi, high halin yanzu iya aiki, low dielectric asarar, inganci mai sauƙi, juriya juriya, juriya danshi, juriya sanyi, ba ya ƙunshi halogen, Konewa baya fitar da hayaki mai guba da yawa.
(3) Matsakaicin ci gaba da aiki da zafin jiki θn shine 90 ℃ kuma zafin ƙarshe na θm shine 250 ℃, wanda a fili ya fi kayan kariya kamar PVC da roba.
4) Polyethylene mai haɗin giciye na yau da kullun ta hanyar haɗin haɗin sinadari ba shi da aikin hana wuta., kuma yana buƙatar ƙara mai hana wuta, amma to zai rage kayan aikin injiniya da lantarki. XLPE ya fi kula da hasken ultraviolet kuma bai kamata a yi amfani da shi a waje da wuraren da ke da hasken rana mai ƙarfi ba, in ba haka ba, ya kamata ya kasance yana da sutura ko matakan kariya.
Ethylene propylene roba (EPR): wato, ethylene mai haɗin giciye-propylene roba
(1) Babban abũbuwan amfãni: high load iya aiki, babu halogen, ba zai fitar da hayaki mai yawa lokacin konewa ba. Hakanan yana da kaddarorin hana wuta. Yana da kwanciyar hankali na juriya na ozone. Za a iya amfani da shi a cikin ƙananan zafin jiki na -50 ℃.
2) Matsakaicin madaidaicin zafin aiki θn shine 90 ℃, kuma zafin ƙarshe na θm shine 250 ℃, wanda yayi daidai da XLPE.
(3) An yi amfani da wannan kayan rufewa sosai a Turai.
Rubutun roba
(1) halaye: robar da ake amfani da shi wajen hana waya da kebul, fiye da na halitta tsarki roba, amma daga roba mai tsafta da nau'in additives da filler da aka gauraye, a wani yanayin zafi, matsa lamba, vulcanization tsari sanya daga elastomer; sassaucin roba, elasticity, kuma ƙarfin ƙarfi ya fi kyau; a cikin 1970s kafin low-voltage rarraba line zane waya rufi kayan, bayan an maye gurbinsu da PVC da sauran kayan; a zamanin yau (1) Halaye: Robar da ake amfani da ita don wayar da kebul na kebul ba yawanci roba mai tsafta ba ne, amma wani elastomer da aka yi da roba zalla wanda aka gauraye shi da additives daban-daban da filler kuma an yi shi da vulcanized ƙarƙashin wani yanayi da matsi.. Taushi, elasticity, kuma karfin juriya na roba ya fi kyau. Kafin shekarun 1970, shi ne babban abin rufewa don ƙananan layin rarraba wutar lantarki da wayoyi kuma a hankali an maye gurbinsu da PVC da sauran kayan.. A zamanin yau, Ana amfani da shi galibi azaman kebul mai sassauƙa na roba don kayan aikin hannu da aikace-aikacen lantarki na hannu.
(2) matsakaicin ci gaba da zafin aiki θn shine 60 ℃, yanayin zafi na ƙarshe θm shine 200 ℃, don ƙarancin wutar lantarki da kebul na kebul, sarzami. Akwai kuma neoprene, θn har zuwa 85 ℃, θm za 220 ℃, yafi amfani da waje na USB sheathing. Akwai kuma silicone roba, θn har zuwa 185 ℃, θm za 350 ℃, a matsayin jagorar zafin jiki na musamman, H-class insulation motor gubar waya da marine high-zazzabi na USB, riƙaƙa.
(3) kayan rufin roba waya da kebul tare da ƙaramin ƙarfin kaya, juriya tsufa, juriya mai, da sauran ƙarfi juriya yi ba su da kyau. Domin inganta aikin roba, nau'ikan polymers na roba suna da fa'idodi da yawa, irin su Neoprene roba juriya yanayi, juriya mai, sa juriya, mai kyau harshen retardant Properties, kuma dace da kebul sheathing. Nitrile roba juriya mai, mai kyau lalata juriya, ana amfani da injin famfo mai da na'urorin lantarki da waya gubar. Rubber silicone yana da juriya mai zafi, high tensile ƙarfi, da kyawawan kaddarorin lantarki, ana amfani da wayar gubar kayan aiki mai zafi. Fluorine roba juriya zafi, juriya mai, juriya yanayi, kyakkyawan aiki, ana amfani da shi don sheathing na USB na musamman.
