1. Lub hauv paus rau phau ntawv: Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Cable Fault Diagnosis
Nyob rau hauv lub neej niaj hnub, cov kab hluav taws xob ua haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub zog, kev sib txuas lus, thiab industrial teb, nrog lawv cov kev ntseeg tau ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov. Txawm yog, cable faults yog inevitable vim ib puag ncig yam, mechanical kev ntxhov siab, rwb thaiv tsev laus, thiab lwm yam influences. Kev tsis sib haum xeeb lossis kev sib txuas lus cuam tshuam los ntawm cov kev ua yuam kev no ua rau muaj kev poob nyiaj txiag tseem ceeb txhua xyoo. Yog li ntawd, mastering systematic thiab npaum cable fault identification thiab kuaj cov txheej txheem yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev.
Pab Pawg Kws Tshaj Lij Cable tau sau cov lus qhia no raws li cov qauv ntawm International Electrotechnical Commission (Iec) thiab lub koom haum ntawm Hluav taws xob thiab Electronics Engineers (IEEE), ua ke nrog kev paub dhau los ntawm thaj chaw. Nws lub hom phiaj los muab cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm puv ntoob, los ntawm kev ua txhaum ua ntej kev ntsuam xyuas mus rau qhov tseeb kho, pab cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv kev tshawb nrhiav qhov txhaum thiab txoj haujlwm sai, zoo shortening lub sij hawm kho, txo qhov poob, thiab ua tiav kev txhim kho cable system kev ntseeg tau.
2. Cable Fault Classification, Yam ntxwv, thiab Cov Hauv Paus
Txhawm rau kuaj xyuas kab mob tsis raug zoo, Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ua ntej nkag siab txog hom kev ua txhaum thiab lawv cov hauv paus ntsiab lus. Cov kev ua txhaum sib txawv muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv ntawm cov hluav taws xob sib txawv thiab xav tau cov tswv yim sib txawv.
2.1 Hom Fault Hom thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv hluav taws xob
Cable faults feem ntau yog cais raws li cov yam ntxwv tsis kam thiab kev sib txuas hauv lub xeev ntawm qhov txhaum:
Short Circuit Fault:
Yam ntxwv: Kev sib txuas txawv txav tshwm sim ntawm cov theem, los yog nruab nrab ntawm ib theem thiab hauv av (los yog nruab nrab). Lub fault point kuj feem ntau yog tsawg heev, ze rau xoom (hu ua Low Resistance Short Circuit).
Hluav taws xob yam ntxwv: Rwb thaiv tsev tsis kam yog ze rau xoom, thiab lub voj tsis kam yog qhov txawv txav.
Kev tshwm sim: Tej zaum yuav ua rau tripping, fuse tshuab, los yog khoom puas tsuaj.
Qhib Circuit Fault:
Yam ntxwv: Tus neeg xyuas pib cable cuam tshuam, tiv thaiv tam sim no ntws. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav lossis ib nrab so hauv ib qho, ob, los yog peb theem.
Hluav taws xob yam ntxwv: Tus neeg xyuas pib tsis kam yog qhov txawv txav, los yog infinite; rwb thaiv tsev kuj yuav zoo li qub los yog puas.
Kev tshwm sim: Cov cuab yeej siv tsis tau txais lub zog, los yog lub teeb liab kev sib txuas lus cuam tshuam.
Av txhaum:
Yam ntxwv: Cable conductor (los yog txheej rwb thaiv tsev tom qab tawg) txuas rau lub ntiaj teb. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau hom kev ua txhaum ntawm cable. Raws li kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv ntawm qhov txhaum taw tes rau hauv av, Nws tuaj yeem raug cais raws li Qhov Tsis Txaus Siab Hauv av Fault lossis High Resistance Ground Fault.
Hluav taws xob yam ntxwv: Rwb thaiv tsev kuj poob ho, muaj peev xwm los ntawm ntau pua MΩ lossis txawm tias infinity mus rau kaum lossis ob peb MΩ, los yog qis dua 1kΩ (tsis muaj zog) los yog siab dua 1kΩ (siab tsis kam), qee zaum ncav cuag ntau pua MΩ (siab tsis kam).
Kev tshwm sim: Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv hauv av ua haujlwm, system hauv av tam sim no nce txawv txav, thiab tej zaum yuav ua rau muaj kev hloov hluav taws xob.
Siab Resistance Fault:
Yam ntxwv: Lub fault point kuj yog siab, tejzaum nws txawv ntawm ob peb kΩ mus rau ob peb MΩ. Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm rwb thaiv tsev degradation, carbonization, los yog kev puas tsuaj ib nrab, tab sis tseem tsis tau tsim ib txoj hauv kev uas tsis tshua muaj siab ua tiav. Kev ua haujlwm siab tsis zoo feem ntau yog theem pib ntawm ntau qhov kev ua haujlwm qis thiab kev ua txhaum.
Hluav taws xob yam ntxwv: Rwb thaiv tsev tsis kam poob, tab sis tseem muaj qee yam nqi. Hauv qab high voltage, qhov yuam kev yuav muaj flashover lossis tso tawm, ua rau tsis ruaj tsis khov qhov tseem ceeb.
Kev tshwm sim: Tej zaum yuav ua rau cua sov hauv zos, nce dielectric poob, tso tawm ib nrab, tus lwm yam. Thaum ntxov, tej zaum yuav tsis muaj qhov pom tseeb sab nraud, tab sis nws tau yooj yim qhia tawm thaum lub sij hawm tiv thaiv kev sim.
Flashover Fault:
Yam ntxwv: Nyob rau hauv high voltage, paug tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw los yog nyob rau hauv lub insulator, tsim ib qho kev hloov pauv hloov pauv lossis tsis sib xws. Rwb thaiv tsev kev ua tau zoo yuav rov zoo ib ntus tom qab qhov hluav taws xob raug tshem tawm.
Hluav taws xob yam ntxwv: Fault point kuj poob qis nrog nce voltage thiab nce thaum lub voltage txo los yog tshem tawm.
Kev tshwm sim: Lub kaw lus yuav ntsib qhov teeb meem hauv av tam sim lossis luv luv, ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv, tab sis kev rov qab los yuav ua tiav. Kev kuaj mob yog qhov nyuaj.
Intermittent Fault:
Yam ntxwv: Cov tsos mob tshwm sim thiab ploj mus tsis tu ncua, tejzaum nws muaj feem xyuam rau yam xws li kub, kev vaum, qib voltage, los yog mechanical vibration. Piv txwv, Ib qho tawg me me tuaj yeem nthuav nrog qhov kub thiab txias, ua rau kev sib cuag, thiab cais thaum kub poob.
Hluav taws xob yam ntxwv: Qhov kev tiv thaiv thiab kev sib txuas ntawm lub xeev ntawm qhov txhaum yog tsis ruaj khov thiab hloov nrog cov xwm txheej sab nraud.
Kev tshwm sim: Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv kab ke ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua, ua txhaum ntes nyuaj thiab ua rau muaj teeb meem loj rau kev kuaj mob.
2.2 Kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov xwm txheej sab hauv thiab sab nraud ua rau Cable Faults
Cable faults tsis yog random; lawv cov ua yog complex thiab ntau haiv neeg, feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm lub sij hawm ntev los yog ncua sij hawm ntawm ntau yam:
Mechanical puas:
Ua rau sab nraud: Kev puas tsuaj los ntawm excavators, cov khoom siv yeeb nkab jacking, lwm yam., thaum tsim kho; kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev tsim kho lossis kev ua haujlwm thib peb; tensile los yog compressive kev ntxhov siab los ntawm lub hauv paus kev daws teeb meem los yog av txav; tsiaj (E.G., nas, kab kab) gnawing ntawm daim ntaub.
Ua rau sab hauv: Kev khoov ntau dhau los yog rub nro thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa; tsis zoo installation tsis zoo los yog sab nraud quab yuam cuam tshuam rau cable accessories (E.G., pob qij txha, kev txiav txim).
Tshuaj Corrosion:
Corrosive tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov av, xws li acids, alkalis, thiab ntsev,s erode lub cable sheath thiab armor khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg; industrial khib nyiab kua, cov roj stains, lwm yam., nkag mus rau cov qauv cable; electrolytic corrosion (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam tam sim no).
Thermal Aging:
Kev ua haujlwm ntev dhau los lossis qhov kub thiab txias thaum lub sijhawm tso ua rau muaj kev laus zuj zus, tawv, embrittlement, los yog txawm carbonization ntawm cable rwb thaiv tsev thiab sheath ntaub ntawv, ua rau poob ntawm rwb thaiv tsev kev ua haujlwm. Tsis zoo cua sov dissipation (E.G., densely packed cables, Qhov cua tsis txaus) exacerbates thermal aging.
Moisture Ingress thiab Humidity:
Kev puas tsuaj rau lub cable sheath, tsis zoo sealing ntawm cov pob qij txha, los yog noo noo ingress mus rau hauv kev txiav tawm tso cai rau dej nkag mus rau hauv cable sab hauv. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm hluav taws xob teb, noo noo tsim cov ntoo ntoo, microscopic deterioration channels hauv cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev, uas txo cov dielectric zog thiab nws thiaj li ua rau kev puas tsuaj (Hluav Taws Xob).
Hluav taws xob Stress:
Overvoltage: Overvoltage impulses tshwm sim los ntawm xob laim ntaus, hloov kev ua haujlwm, resonance, lwm yam., tuaj yeem tshaj qhov hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev tiv thaiv lub peev xwm, ua rau insulation tawg.
Electric Field Concentration: Tsim los yog installation tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv cable accessories (pob qij txha, kev txiav txim) ua rau kev faib hluav taws xob tsis sib xws, tsim kom muaj zog tshaj hluav taws xob hauv cheeb tsam hauv cheeb tsam, accelerating rwb thaiv tsev degradation, thiab ib feem tawm.
Kev Tso Tawm Ib nrab (Pd): Thaum me me voids, impurities, dej, los yog lwm yam tsis xws luag muaj nyob rau hauv, ntawm qhov chaw, los yog nyob rau hauv interfaces ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev, Kev tso tawm ib nrab tuaj yeem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev khiav hauj lwm voltage, tso dag zog, maj mam eroding cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev, tsim tawm cov channel, thiab thaum kawg ua rau rwb thaiv tsev tawg.
Tsim thiab tsim khoom tsis raug:
Cov impurities, tsis muaj dab tsi, los yog txawv teb chaws teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub rwb thaiv tsev cov ntaub ntawv thaum lub sij hawm cable lub cev manufacturing; Cov txheej txheem extrusion tsis raug ua rau cov rwb thaiv tsev tsis sib xws lossis microcracks; ntxhib nto los yog protrusions ntawm hlau shields los yog semi-conductive txheej.
Cov teeb meem zoo nrog cov ntaub ntawv rau cable accessories (pob qij txha, kev txiav txim) los yog tsis tsim nyog tus qauv tsim.
Kev teeb tsa thiab kev tsim kho tsis raug:
Kev tso kab tsis raug (me me bending radius, ntau dhau rub nro, qhov sib thooj rau cov cua sov los yog corrosive qhov chaw); non-standard cable termination fabrication txheej txheem (tsis raug stripping qhov ntev, Kev kho cov txheej txheem semi-conductive tsis raug, sealing tsis zoo, incorrect stress cone installation); siv cov khoom siv rov qab tsis tsim nyog.
Kev nkag siab txog hom kev ua txhaum no thiab qhov ua rau yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev kuaj xyuas qhov txhaum thiab tsim cov tswv yim tiv thaiv.
3. Cable Fault Diagnosis Core Techniques thiab khoom siv
Kev kuaj kab mob txhaum cai yog ib kauj ruam dhau-kauj ruam, feem ntau suav nrog kev ntsuas kev ua txhaum, qhov chaw ua ntej, meej qhov chaw txhaum, thiab pinpointing qhov chaw txhaum rau hauv av. Cov cuab yeej sib txawv thiab cov txheej txheem xav tau rau txhua theem.
3.1 Basic Testing thiab Preliminary Assessment
Tom qab paub meej tias muaj peev xwm cable txhaum, thawj kauj ruam yog los ua qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tsis zoo los ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ua ntej ntawm qhov txhaum.
Megohmmeter (Rwb thaiv tsev Resistance Tester):
Lub hom phiaj: Ntsuas cov rwb thaiv tsev tiv thaiv ntawm cable conductors thiab nruab nrab ntawm cov conductors thiab cov ntaub thaiv npog (lossis av). Qhov no yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws thiab yooj yim rau kev ntsuas kab hluav taws xob tiv thaiv kab mob.
Kev ua haujlwm: Siv qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob DC (feem ntau 500V, 1000V, 2500V, 5000V, xaiv raws li qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob cable), thiab sau cov nqi hluav taws xob tiv thaiv tom qab lub sijhawm teev tseg (E.G., 1 feeb los yog 10 feeb).
Kev soj ntsuam: Rwb thaiv tsev tsis kam txo qis dua li ib txwm muaj nuj nqis lossis cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb (E.G., pom zoo cov qauv: Tsawg voltage cables ≥ 100 MΩ/km, 10kV cables ≥ 1000 MΩ/km) qhia tias muaj peev xwm rwb thaiv tsev degradation los yog av txhaum. Yog hais tias tus nqi kuj nyob ze rau xoom, nws qhia tau hais tias tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv hauv av txhaum lossis luv luv Circuit Court.
Multimeter:
Lub hom phiaj: Ntsuas tus neeg xyuas pib DC tsis kam, tshuaj xyuas txuas ntxiv (Qhib Circuit Court), thiab ntsuas inter-phase los yog theem-rau-hauv av kuj (haum rau qhov tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob lossis cov xwm txheej uas tsis muaj qhov ua txhaum cai).
Kev ua haujlwm: Siv qhov kev tawm tsam los ntsuas qhov kev tawm tsam thoob plaws tus neeg xyuas pib xaus los txiav txim seb nws puas yog qhov qhib Circuit Court; ntsuas inter-phase los yog theem-rau-hauv av tiv thaiv los txiav txim seb nws yog luv luv Circuit Court lossis tsis muaj zog hauv av txhaum.
Kev soj ntsuam: Infinite conductor kuj qhia tau hais tias qhib Circuit Court; inter-phase los yog theem-rau-hauv av kuj nyob ze rau xoom qhia tau hais tias luv luv Circuit Court lossis tsis muaj zog hauv av txhaum.
Cable Txoj Kev Tracer:
Lub hom phiaj: Siv los txiav txim siab txoj hauv kev ntawm cov cables hauv qhov pom tsis pom qhov xwm txheej zoo li hauv av ncaj qha faus. Tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv qhov txhaum pinpointing theem.
Lub ntsiab lus: Ib lub teeb liab ntawm ib zaus tshwj xeeb yog siv rau cable, thiab ib lub receiver ntes tau qhov induced electromagnetic teb mus taug qab txoj kev cable.
Cov qauv: Cov qauv muaj xws li RD8000, vLocPro, tus lwm yam.
3.2 Precise Fault Location Techniques
Cov kev ntsuam xyuas yooj yim tsuas tuaj yeem txiav txim siab hom txhaum, tsis yog qhov chaw nyob. Cov txheej txheem kev ua txhaum qhov tseeb txhawm rau ntsuas qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov kev xeem kawg thiab qhov txhaum.
3.2.1 Lub sij hawm Domain Reflectometry (Tus tdr)
Lub ntsiab lus: Ib tug ceev-nce voltage mem tes yog txhaj rau hauv lub cable thiab propagates raws nws. Thaum tus mem tes ntsib impedance mismatch (xws li qhov yuam kev, lub tsib, kev txiav txim, los yog qhib kawg), ib feem los yog tag nrho cov mem tes yog reflected rov qab. Los ntawm kev ntsuas lub sij hawm ncua ntawm cov kis tau tus mob thiab pom cov pulses, thiab paub qhov kev nthuav tawm ceev ntawm lub teeb liab hauv kab (ceev ntawm propagation, Vp), qhov kev ncua deb yuav raug xam: nrug = (Qhov txawv sijhawm / 2) * Vp.
Siv tau Scenarios: Zoo heev rau nrhiav qhib circuits thiab low-resistance short circuits. Reflected signals yog qhov tseeb thiab yooj yim los txhais.
Kev txwv: Rau siab tiv thaiv faults (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siab heev), lub zog pulse tej zaum yuav attenuated los yog absorbed ntawm qhov txhaum point, ua rau tsis muaj zog los yog distorted reflected signals, txo qhov raug qhov chaw lossis txawm tias ua rau qhov chaw ua tsis tau.
Qhov tseeb: Feem ntau siab, tuaj yeem ncav cuag ± 0.5% lossis siab dua (nyob ntawm cov khoom siv ua haujlwm, qhov tseeb ntawm paub Vp, thiab kev paub txog tus neeg ua haujlwm). VP yuav tsum tau calibrated los ntawm kev sim ib tug paub ntev ntawm ib tug noj qab nyob zoo cable seem.
3.2.2 High Voltage Choj Txoj Kev (Murray Loop, Txoj Kev Choj)
Lub ntsiab lus: Siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm classical Wheatstone choj. Ib ntu kab noj qab haus huv lossis theem noj qab haus huv los ntawm cov kab tsis raug yog siv los tsim ib lub voj voog txuas. Thaum tus choj sib npaug, qhov txhaum point nrug yog xam raws li qhov sib piv ntawm cov cable conductors. Qhov feem ntau siv Murray Loop choj yog tsim rau ib-theem hauv av faults los yog theem-rau-theem luv circuits.
Qhov zoo: Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau siab tiv thaiv hauv av faults (txawm mus txog ob peb MΩ), uas yog qhov tsis muaj zog rau TDR. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog ua raws li kev ntsuas kev tiv thaiv DC, unaffected los ntawm reflected teeb liab attenuation.
Cov ntsiab lus ua haujlwm: Yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog ib tus neeg saib xyuas noj qab haus huv raws li txoj kev rov qab los; yuav tsum tau ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm tag nrho kab ntev thiab conductor kuj; yuav tsum tau siv lub High Voltage Generator (xws li DC tiv thaiv cov khoom siv kuaj) rau “mob” los yog “hlawv” lub rwb thaiv tsev nyob ze ntawm qhov siab tiv thaiv qhov taw tes kom txo qhov txhaum taw tes tsis kam, ua kom yooj yim rau kev ntsuas choj lossis qhov chaw tom qab acoustic-magnetic. Qhov hluav taws xob hlawv feem ntau yog siab, zoo 8kv, 15kv, los yog siab dua, thiab kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum ceev faj heev thiab ua raws li cov cai tswj kev nyab xeeb.
3.2.3 Impulse Current Method (Dej khov nab kuab) thiab Secondary Impulse Method (Yog / kuv)
Lub ntsiab lus: Cov txheej txheem no yog kev txhim kho ntawm TDR txhawm rau nrhiav qhov tsis raug siab. Lawv siv high-voltage mem tes rau lub faulty cable, ua rau tawg lossis flashover ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm siab, tsim ib tug mem tes tam sim no. Sensors ces ntes cov mem tes waveform tam sim no propagating raws cable, thiab kev tsom xam zoo ib yam li TDR yog siv los nrhiav qhov txhaum los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas qhov cuam tshuam yoj.
Dej khov nab kuab: Directly soj ntsuam cov reflected tam sim no mem tes generated ntawm qhov txhaum point.
Yog / kuv (Kuj hu ua Arc Reflection Method): Siv cov arc tsim thaum lub sij hawm qhov teeb meem txhaum cai los tsim kom muaj qhov tsawg-impedance “Circuit Court Luv” rau TDR mem tes ntawm qhov txhaum, tsim kom muaj qhov pom tseeb waveform. Qhov no kov yeej qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov tsis muaj zog TDR qhov kev xav hauv qhov ua tsis tau zoo thiab tam sim no yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo rau kev daws lawv..
Siv tau Scenarios: Precise pre-qhov chaw ntawm high-resistance av faults thiab flashover faults.
Khoom siv: Feem ntau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm cable txhaum locators, xav tau kev sib koom tes nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob surge high-voltage (high-voltage khoom nyob rau hauv ib tug cable txhaum xeem van).
3.2.4 Fault Point Pinpointing
Cov txheej txheem ua ntej qhov chaw muab qhov yuam kev deb, tab sis qhov tseeb qhov txhaum yuav nyob hauv thaj chaw me me. Fault point pinpointing siv cov txheej txheem sab nraud raws li qhov tshwm sim ua ntej qhov chaw kom raug txiav txim siab qhov chaw txhaum hauv av.
Acoustic-Magnetic Method:
Lub ntsiab lus: Ib tug high-voltage surge (siv lub surge high-voltage generator) yog siv rau faulty cable. Thaum qhov teeb meem txhaum cai tawg thiab tso tawm, nws tsim suab (siab nthwv dej) thiab electromagnetic signals. Tus neeg teb xov tooj siv lub Acoustic-Magnetic Synchronized Receiver los mloog lub suab los ntawm lub mloog pob ntseg thiab tau txais cov teeb liab electromagnetic ntawm lub kauj induction. Vim qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv kev nthuav tawm ceev ntawm lub suab thiab electromagnetic tsis, cov khoom siv tuaj yeem txiav txim siab yog tias lub suab thiab cov teeb liab electromagnetic los ntawm tib qhov chaw thiab yog tias lub suab lags lub teeb liab electromagnetic (electromagnetic yoj ceev yog ze rau qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb, suab yoj ceev yog qeeb qeeb), yog li qhia qhov kev taw qhia thiab qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw txhaum. Lub suab teeb liab yog qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws ncaj qha saum qhov chaw txhaum.
Siv tau Scenarios: Ntau hom kev ua txhaum ntawm kev ua txhaum (teb, Circuit Court Luv, flashover), tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo rau underground direct-faus cables.
Cov ntsiab lus ua haujlwm: ambient suab nrov tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev mloog; Lub zog surge yuav tsum tau hloov kho kom ua rau muaj kev tawm mus tas li ntawm qhov chaw ua txhaum yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom noj qab haus huv ntawm lub cable.; tus neeg teb xov tooj yuav tsum muaj kev paub paub qhov txawv ntawm cov suab nrov ntawm lwm cov suab nrov.
Kauj ruam Voltage Method:
Lub ntsiab lus: Ib qho DC lossis tsawg zaus AC voltage yog siv rau hauv av-faulted cable, ua rau tam sim no xau rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ntawm qhov chaw txhaum. Qhov no tsim ib qho hluav taws xob gradient teb nyob ib ncig ntawm qhov chaw txhaum. Ob qhov kev sojntsuam tau muab tso rau hauv av thiab txuas nrog lub siab-rhiab heev voltmeter, thiab tsiv mus raws txoj kev kab. Ncaj nraim saum qhov chaw txhaum, qhov sib txawv voltage yuav rov qab polarity.
Siv tau Scenarios: Tsawg los yog nruab nrab kuj av faults, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pab tau rau cov ntsiab lus txhaum uas tsis tsim lub suab tawm kom meej.
Cov ntsiab lus ua haujlwm: Tseem ceeb cuam tshuam los ntawm av noo noo thiab uniformity; yuav tsum muaj kev ntsuam xyuas txaus voltage thiab tam sim no; kev sojntsuam ntxig qhov tob thiab qhov sib txawv cuam tshuam qhov raug.
Yam tsawg kawg tam sim no / Txoj Kev Sib Nqus Sib Nqus Ntau Tshaj:
Lub ntsiab lus: Ib lub suab zaus los yog cov teeb liab zaus tam sim no raug siv rau cov kab hluav taws xob tsis zoo. Yog hais tias qhov txhaum yog ib tug luv luv Circuit Court los yog low resistance av txhaum, tam sim no tsim ib lub voj ntawm qhov txhaum; yog hais tias nws yog ib tug qhib Circuit Court, tam sim no nres ntawm qhov chaw so. Lub clamp tam sim no los yog magnetic teb sensor yog siv los xyuas qhov tam sim no lossis magnetic teb zog raws txoj kab cable. Tom qab ib tug luv luv Circuit Court los yog tsis tshua muaj kuj av txhaum point, tam sim no yuav txo qis lossis ploj mus (yam tsawg kawg nkaus tam sim no), los yog lub magnetic teb yuav hloov. Ua ntej qhov qhib Circuit Court taw tes, qhov tam sim no yog qhov qub, thiab tom qab qhov point, tam sim no yog xoom.
Siv tau Scenarios: Tsawg kuj luv luv circuits, av txhaum, los yog qhib Circuit Court txhaum. Tsis tas li ntawd feem ntau siv ua ke nrog txoj kev taug mus kom paub meej txog txoj kev.
3.3 Insulation State Assessment and Early Warning Techniques
Cov tswv yim no feem ntau yog siv los ntsuas qhov kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev thiab kuaj xyuas qhov tsis xws luag. Lawv poob rau hauv qeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev saib xyuas lossis kev kuaj mob ntawm kev tiv thaiv siab / kev ua txhaum thaum ntxov.
Kev Tso Tawm Ib nrab (Pd) Kev pom:
Lub ntsiab lus: Kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev (xws li voids, impurities) ua rau ib nrab tso tawm nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm hluav taws xob teb, tsim hluav taws xob pulses, electromagnetic tsis, suab acoustic, teeb, thiab chemical byproducts. PD detectors ntes cov teeb liab no los ntsuam xyuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm rwb thaiv tsev degradation thiab hom kev puas tsuaj.
Technical Parameters: Qhov rhiab heev yog feem ntau ntsuas hauv picocoulombs (pC ua), muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau cov teeb liab tawm tsis muaj zog heev (E.G., 1 pC ua).
Cov txheej txheem:
Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob: Tshawb xyuas cov pulses tam sim no tsim los ntawm kev tso tawm (E.G., los ntawm High Frequency Tam Sim No Transformer HFCT sensors rau hauv av ua, los yog los ntawm kev ntsuas capacitively coupled signals). Muaj feem xyuam rau kev sim online lossis offline.
Txoj kev Acoustic: Tshawb xyuas ultrasonic tsis tsim los ntawm kev tso tawm (E.G., los ntawm kev sib cuag lossis cua-coupled sensors). Haum rau kev kuaj cable accessories.
Ultra-High zaus (UHF) Txoj kev: Tshawb xyuas UHF electromagnetic waves (300 Tus mhz – 3 GHz) tsim los ntawm kev tso tawm. Muab muaj zog cuam tshuam kev tiv thaiv, feem ntau siv rau GIS, transformers, lwm yam., thiab tseem tuaj yeem siv rau kev txiav cable.
Transient Earth Voltage (Tev) Txoj kev: Tshawb xyuas qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv mus rau hauv av txuas mus rau cov hlau enclosures ntawm switchgear, lwm yam., los ntawm internal PD.
Lub hom phiaj: Nthuav cov rwb thaiv tsev thaum ntxov ntawm cov cables thiab lawv cov khoom siv (E.G., voids nyob rau hauv cov pob qij txha, noo noo ingress mus rau terminations, dej ntoo / ntoo hluav taws xob hauv lub cev cable). Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb technology rau kev kwv yees txij nkawm.
Dielectric Loss (Yog li Delta, tg tug) Kuaj:
Lub ntsiab lus: Ntsuas qhov tangent ntawm dielectric poob lub kaum sab xis ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv qab AC voltage. Dielectric poob sawv cev rau cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev lub peev xwm los hloov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob mus rau hauv tshav kub. Cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev noj qab haus huv muaj kev poob qis, tus nqi qis tanδ, thiab tus nqi hloov me ntsis nrog nce voltage. Moisture ingress, kev laus, los yog muaj cov ntoo dej thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv lub rwb thaiv tsev yuav ua rau tus nqi tanδ nce thiab nce sai nrog nce voltage.
Lub hom phiaj: Ntsuam xyuas tag nrho cov theem ntawm noo noo ingress los yog dav aging nyob rau hauv lub rwb thaiv tsev cable. Feem ntau ua nrog AC lossis VLF tiv thaiv kev sim.
Nrog Test:
Lub hom phiaj: Txheeb xyuas cov kab hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm tiv taus qee theem ntawm overvoltage yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam. Nws muaj txiaj ntsig nthuav tawm cov teeb meem uas tsuas yog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv high voltage.
Cov txheej txheem:
DC tiv taus: Ib txoj kev cai, tab sis DC voltage tuaj yeem khaws qhov chaw them nqi hauv XLPE thiab lwm yam extruded rwb thaiv tsev, muaj peev xwm ua rau cov kab mob tsis zoo. Nws yog maj mam hloov los ntawm VLF.
AC tiv taus: Ntau ze simulates tiag tiag cable kev khiav hauj lwm tej yam kev mob, tab sis cov cuab yeej kuaj no loj thiab xav tau lub zog siab.
Tsawg zaus (Vlf) AC tiv taus (0.1 Hz): Dav siv niaj hnub no rau kev sim ntawm XLPE thiab lwm yam extruded rwb thaiv tsev cables. Cov khoom siv yog portable, xav tau lub zog tsawg, thiab tsis ua rau qhov chaw them nqi. Feem ntau ua ke nrog tanδ thiab PD ntsuas.
Hauv tsab xov xwm tom ntej no, peb yuav piav qhia txog kev daws teeb meem cable hauv cov xwm txheej sib txawv nrog cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. Ua raws li ZMS CABLE FR kom paub ntau ntxiv txog cables.
